Young and Feminine Comportment Essay Example

Youthful and Feminine Comportment Paper Iris Marion Young-Feminine Comportment The point of this exposition is to assess and talk about Iris Marion Young’s record of female comportment. Quite a bit of her exposition depends on hypotheses and thoughts communicated in crafted by Merleau-Ponty thus to assess Young, this article will quickly talk about crafted by Merleau-Ponty. The article will at that point go to the review of Young’s exposition. The assessment of this contention will be obviously and briefly exemplified in a short end. The principal point that Young worries about is that Erwin Strauss in his investigation of body comportment takes however a second to talk about why little youngsters have the insufficient tossing style that they do. Strauss finds no end regarding why little youngsters unadroitly toss a ball thus puts it down to a â€Å"effeminate pith or female attitude†. Anyway mentalities are worked through socialization as in the clear paper socialization see that maybe appears the most conceivable if not balanced. What is evident is that mentalities are found out not obtained so where might a multi year old young lady have educated of her â€Å"feminine essence†? In her own words Young tries to â€Å"†¦fill a hole that in this manner exists both in existential phenomenology and women's activist hypothesis. † (Young. 1990, p 145) Young looks to discover how the body finishes a positive assignment and this is done through joining crafted by Merleau-Ponty and Beauvoir who both handle and figure various thoughts concerning development. Attention to body is inborn our bodies can â€Å"learn† where we are corresponding to space. We will compose a custom paper test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Young and Feminine Comportment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With training our bodies can act without subjective idea, the things that we practice with along these lines become an expansion of ourselves-similarly as with an accomplished typist that no longer needs to take a gander at a PCs console, Merleau-Ponty compares this to his typewriter where a â€Å"motor space† opens under his hands and he can type without pondering finding the letters. This can be seen in sports as well, for instance when a squash player’s racquet is an expansion of the body. The player knows about it, has a thought of where it is corresponding to them and utilizes it as an augmentation of the body absent a lot of thought, so as to hit the ball. The equivalent happens in numerous different games like hockey, skilled practice for quite some time transforms the stick into an augmentation of the arms, the player is as mindful of it as they are of an appendage. At the point when a ball is hit hazardously into a player’s body, rather than lifting hands to get it, the stick consequently comes up to square it. This is on the grounds that the player has prepared to do as such and now gives the activity no idea it simply occurs. This could be compared to muscle memory-and significantly after not contacting a stick or riding a bike, the individual attempting to do either would in any case have the option to. This thought we can so include our bodies in our general surroundings ought not be odd. People are excessively expelled from their environmental factors generally and this component of procured body development ought to be completely normal as after all we control our bodies. Youthful likewise makes reference to Simone de Beauvoir’s concentrate on ladylike comportment. The issue with this examination as indicated by Young is that Beauvoir centers around why ladies have consistently felt their body a weight this for the most part because of how conveying youngster and conceiving an offspring will in general make a hearty cling to nature that men don't understanding. This to some extent abuses ladies likewise the way that men don’t convey youngsters is by all accounts some portion of the regular persecution that ladies feel. Anyway this doesn't address the issue of â€Å"feminine essence†, as this has to do with a woman’s physiology and not with a baffling substance. She begins with the fundamental developments mapping the distinctions in position while strolling, standing and sitting and afterward moves to how things are conveyed and utilized comparable to the body. The general discoveries are that ladies attempt to shield themselves from hurt; they don't trust themselves truly ready to perform overwhelming errands like men do. Likewise their activities mirror an inborn subordinate situation comparable to the manner in which men walk, stand and connect with objects. People utilize their bodies distinctively as indicated by Young-as though this was not promptly obvious, however to Young the â€Å"why† is what is significant. Generally Young yields that ladies don't feel as great with space as men do, men will in general take an increasingly dynamic perspective on space, and game is a decent method of estimating this. In any case, most likely it is too simple to even consider saying that ladies are more scared of getting injured than men are and that they don’t believe in their real capacities as men do-which Young proposals as a two-prong answer to why ladies are at a base level progressively awkward with space and activities. She recommends that ladies don't believe their bodies as men do rather battling their bodies to satisfy an activity. Youthful at that point characterizes the three modalities of development that are hindered by characteristic gentility and these are: questionable amazing quality, repressed purposefulness and irregular solidarity. To clarify these terms-vague amazing quality is the possibility that as opposed to traveling through the body, ladies are awkward in it, they remember that they have a body, rather they are never-endingly mindful of it, but then not happy with it. Greatness is the point at which you are unified with your body, where your body is totally you, you don’t even consider it since the thing does all the encountering. Nature is the point at which you know about something as a thing. The hockey stick hence is intrinsic to us. Youthful is stating that for ladies, their bodies are just mostly otherworldly. At no time does a lady become lost in an action and overlook she has a body, she doesn’t associate with the activity through the body. She is consistently mindful of the body as an article. She says that the way that in, for instance, tossing, ladies just move some portion of their bodies (only the arm, say) shows that the unmoving part is as yet an item for them. To portray repressed deliberateness, imagine that as opposed to your body coming to advance to get something, you falter. Purposefulness is associated with how straightforwardly one expects to accomplish something. Youthful here is deciphering Merleau-Pontys thought that individuals display purposefulness in their development. Men have a fantastic feeling of deliberateness while that of ladies isn't as evolved or is thwarted by numerous elements. Spasmodic solidarity must do with the environmental factors of the body. Youthful depicts how ladies detach muscles and muscle bunches so as to complete an assignment. This isn't gainful by any stretch as ladies don’t utilize the significant muscle gatherings to shoulder the weight. She additionally advocates that ladies consider themselves to be questions inside the circumstance. This depends to some degree on what Merleau-Ponty says about the unification of the body and the activity, for Young it is conceivable that his experience is essentially because of him taking care of business. This in fact would make his collaboration with the world not quite the same as hers. In this way straightforward undertakings, if Merleau-Ponty is right would require a lady to do both the job that needs to be done and furthermore battle her body-or urge it into carrying out the responsibility. â€Å"Woman takes herself to be the object of the movement as opposed to its originator† (Young. 1990, p150). Additionally it must be noticed that Young takes the view that ladies consider a to be as coming at them not towards them, getting for example should then troublesome. The possibility of the item coming at them must be vanquished all together that the article can be gotten. This adds another measurement to a basic demonstration, as the body must be cajoled into doing such an apparently straightforward assignment. To summarize the ramifications of this are simple Young proposes that ladies experience a feeling of natural otherness concerning their own bodies. As to Young’s utilization of Merleau-Ponty’s work, she utilizes his work in her conversation of methodology, which she sums up into three focuses. Yet these three focuses manage a similar idea and appear to have nearly similar premises and end. The first relates that Merleau-Ponty causes a qualification between the sorts of room that a human to can understanding. The various thoughts of room for him emerge because of a man or woman’s connection to that space, from this, Young derives that female space is distinctive to that of guys in that ladies discover space encasing and end up situated in space-this must imply that men wind up encompassed by space yet not situated in it-rather it around them. Merleau-Ponty finds that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† to men are very much the same as I would likewise have thought-being male-the perspective on men is that â€Å"here† and â€Å"there† are the equivalent joined by their bodies. Ladylike spatiality again isn't equivalent to it expect the view that â€Å"there† is not quite the same as â€Å"here†-Young marks this twofold spatiality (Young, 1990, p152). The third point begins with the possibility that ladies end up situated in space. For Merleau-Ponty the world is comprised of articles and items require space, the body isn't the item yet the system by which space can be estimated. This can't be so for ladies in the event that they are situated in space. Youthful decides to suggest that female substantial comportment is a mind boggling issue and that it has nothing to do with a â€Å"feminine essence† as Strauss needed t

Studies of animal behaviour free essay sample

By what means can investigations of creature conduct and responses be applied to human brain science BY Mane_48 How can investigations of creature conduct and responses be applied to human brain research. The investigation of creatures may prompt a more profound comprehension of human conduct when it isn't generally conceivable to consider people straightforwardly, perhaps on the grounds that: 1 . There are good and moral reasons that confine the sort of research that can be performed utilizing people as subjects. In the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights it states in Article one All Human Beings are brought into the world free and equivalent in pride and rights. Because of this a great deal of tests run on creatures are regularly unfit to be performed on individual despite the fact that they are volunteers. 2. It is conceivable to give more noteworthy prizes and disciplines with creatures and utilize test methods, for example, raising in detachment. Again this is another issue that raises worries with fundamental human rights as analysts intercede with issues of nobility and opportunity to do certain things that people are qualified for. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigations of creature conduct or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This additionally gets a discussion about cold-bloodedness to other human that is illicit. It is conceivable to carefully control a creatures situation with the goal that it is conceivable to ake sure that just a single variable is being secluded and learned at once. Being separated from others can be amazingly hurting to kids if this ought to occur as this is the manner by which they learn by watching and emulating the one another, so thusly it would have incredible and enduring consequences for their formative and language aptitudes. For grown-ups that become secluded that have just experienced social association they may appear to free their capacity to verbalize and associate with others, these practices are regularly identified with individuals that specialists call hermit. Creatures for the most part take an a lot shorter timeframe to arrive at full grown-up development in this way permitting examination into numerous ages in a brief timeframe. On the off chance that a person was utilized for these sorts of studies it would require some investment where analysts by and large need results rapidly to distribute their outcomes. A significant disservice of creature considers is that it is never sure that investigation into the causes ot creature conduct is material to human conduct I . tis otten tar unreasonably simple for analysts to sum up the discoveries from creature studies to individuals.

DOMR

DOMR DID YOU KNOW? GERMANY EDITION: In Germany, the energy content of foods is listed in kilojoules in addition to in calories. Hallo again. Ive been in Germany for a little over a week now and Ive already climbed 509 stairs, taken a four-hour tour down through Rhineland, and traveled over 200 miles by train in a single day. Amazing Race 13, here I come. My blog entries might be a bit sparse over the next three months due to an inconvenient truth about my internet access. Namely, there are only three ways I can access the internet: 1. The Turkish internet cafe on the corner, for the low, low price of 1,50 euro per hour. However, the upper room always has people smoking in it, and the lower room smells like it sustained flood damage at some point. Still, if theres one thing that my short, yet harsh life has taught me, its that beggars cant be choosers. 2. My job. However, the computer is supposed to only be used for working purposes, and Im really afraid of visiting most sites for fear of divulging trade secrets. Also, I cant really read most of the error messages that come up, and Im always worried that theyre saying Your internet has been shut off because you looked up Dan Quayle on Wikipedia! Then I couldnt e-mail Sams Mom. 3. Mr. Chicken. Mr. Chicken (not Herr Chicken, as you might expect), is a fast-food chicken restaurant thats about a 10 minute walk from my house. They advertise free wireless LAN on the window, but somehow the only people that ever seem to be in there with laptops it are me and three other Americans I know. Does that say something about American culture? Maybe. Anyway, this is the only way that Im actually going to be able to blog anything meaningful this summer. So I spent basically all of last weekend traveling, using plans that we made and maps that we sketched out in Mr. Chicken. On Saturday, we went to visit Koeln (or maybe Cologne) and see what was up there. On Sunday, we took the train to Koblenz and took a four-hour trip down the Mosel River to Cochem, smack dab in the middle of touristy German wine country. Monday was a totally random holiday luckily, MIT has prepared me for Mondays arbitrarily being declared holidays, so we took that opportunity to spend the night in Cochem with everybodys friendly German grandmother and visit a castle the next morning. From there, we spent 8 hours on the train so we could see Mainz for like one hour. JUST TO SAY WE COULD. I love Europe! From all of this, I learned two major life lessons about traveling in Europe. 1. Traveling in a group of exactly 5 people on the Bahn is awesome. 2. Always bring your student ID with you, because you get half off of basically every tourist attraction in continental Europe. Anyway, you didnt really read all that. Heres some pictures of Koeln. This is the Koelner Dom. It was the tallest structure in Europe until the Eiffel Tower was built. What amazes me most is not that it is so massive and beautiful, but just that this half-a-millenium-old piece of architecture is just sitting there, smack dab in the middle of the city, right outside the train station, and next to, like, a McDonalds or something. I guess you kind of get the same impression with the Old North Church in Boston, but thas only like 300 years old, made of boring old bricks, and also like 20 times smaller than the Koelner Dom. Anyway, come to MIT! Because in Boston, you can see something at least five percent as cool as the Dom. It also looks pretty nice inside. On Tuesday, theyre going to be performing Mozarts Requiem in there. Im pretty excited for that, because I sang that last year with the MIT Concert Choir. However, theyre singing the Levin completion rather than the Sussmayr one, which ve heard is actually better, despite being done like 200 years after Mozarts unfortunate death. I know that youve probably seen a stained glass window before, but I took like 20 pictures of them because they are JUST THAT BEAUTIFUL. I almost felt like an Asian tourist standing in front of the great dome (Class of 2010 readers, you will understand this before too long). I did the same thing going down the Rhine I was recently going through my pictures and wondering why I spent like half my memory card taking pictures of stupid hills. Stupidly beautiful, maybe. So, for the price of a single euro, we got the opportunity to climb somewhere between 509 and 524 steps to the top of the Koelner Dom. Pictured here are Katy 08, Vanessa, and Stephanie. Its a pretty cool experience, but I was disappointed to find out that the whole ascent is basically covered in graffiti, in a wide array of languages. I just couldnt believe that so many different people from all around the world were so stupid as to write Te adoro, Anton or whatever in white-out on a piece of religious architecture. If you ever find yourself in a piece of religious architecture, try not to do that. And heres Ling 07 at the top of one of the spires of the Dom. The tourist packet said to notice how the architecture gives an impression of frail majesty, or something. So, do that. From near far, or wherever you are. Once outside the Dom, we heard that there was a Chocolate Museum in Koeln. Now, I was a little skeptical, growing up 20 minutes from Hershey, PA, but let me just tell you, when it comes to chocolate museums Koeln stomps a mudhole in Hershey, in the parlance of our times. Hershey has a kind of cool factory tour ride, with singing cows, as I believe I mentioned at some point. However, the one in Koeln is bilingual, takes you through an actual chocolate factory, shows you a dugout canoe used to harvest cocoa fruits, describes the moral hazards and erotic implications of chocolate throughout the rococo era, is home to ancient Central American chocolate-drinking artifacts, and contains a climate-controlled artificial rainforest. Thats a lot more than singing cows. Also, Koeln has women pretending to be making chocolate candies, which was just charming and reminded me a lot of I Love Lucy. I think Ive told you before about my obsession with chocolate fountains. So impractical and unsatisfying, yet with such ethereal beauty. Anyway, heres a five-tiered chocolate fountain, which caused me to nearly faint. I dont know about you, but you should probably stop reading if you feel the same way about chocolate fountains. However, I guess the Dom at night might be a little more beautiful. Down on the right, you can see some sort of outdoor theater being set up. I think that when I am a famous rock star, Im going to play a free concert in front of the Koelner Dom and record a live album. Just because something like this would make a really cool album cover. Also, I could speak broken German to the audience between songs, which would be very cool. Now, if theres one thing I learned about Germans, its that they love to eat ice cream. All the time. Theres a cheap eiscafe pretty much every block, and at any given time Id say about 25% of the population of the country is walking around with an ice cream cone. Anyway, for a relatively low price, you can even get treats like this one, modeled by Ling 07. This one sparked a debate about what melon is better honeydew or cantaloupe? What do you think, gentle reader? Just so you know, Ling 07 is going to be in a lot of pictures in this blog, because shes like the most photogenic person that ever lived and every picture I take with her in it turns out to be perfect in every way even the non-Ling parts of it. The above pictures represent like 6 hours of my life. I think I need to find a more efficient way to blog.

Essay on Early Criticisms Of Wuthering Heights by Emily...

Wuthering Heights was first published in 1847 with the author’s name given as Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights was actually written by Emily Bronte, but she adopted a male alias as female authors rarely got published. Her work was praised for the imagination used, but criticised for its moral ambiguity. Wuthering Heights challenged Victorian ideals and this shocked its first critics. The fact that Emily Bronte felt the need to use a male alias is an indication of how she feared the public would receive her book. Wuthering Heights may be seen as shocking, as Bronte addresses many Victorian ideals with criticism. She does so with unusual characters with flaws and their amoral actions. For example, she challenges Victorian precept such†¦show more content†¦Life was based on the stereotypical view that women were emotional and weak, whereas men were strong and of higher intelligence. Work was based on this premise, and men were expected to provide for their family whereas women were to care for their family. Women of lower classes were employed as servants, factory workers or governesses. Bronte however contradicts the typically weak view of women with her strong, rebellious character, Cathy. Cathy is one of the main characters in Wuthering Heights and the plot revolves around the love between her and Heathcliff. She is â€Å"a haughty, headstrong creature!† and â€Å"mischievous and wayward†. Cathy’s will is also shown to be stronger than that of some men, â€Å"Edgar thoughtlessly laid hold of her hands to deliver him. In an instant one was wrung free, and the astonished young man felt it applied over his own ear†. The inequality of the sexes is questioned by Bronte through the dilemma of marriage; Cathy has to decide whether to marry for love or status. Men were seen as the dominant partner and could marry those of lower status, however women were expected to marry into higher status. â€Å"He [Hindley] wished earnestly to see her [Cathy] bring honour to the family by an alliance with the Lintons†. Many critics would have thought the choice obvious; and indeed Cathy does ultimately follow the rules of society and marries Edgar Linton to obtain status. However,Show MoreRelatedWuthering Heights by Charlotte Bronte1143 Words   |  5 Pagesa devilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love.† (Stoneman) The novel containsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreWuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «1865 Words   |  8 Pagesdevilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when it was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love,† (Stoneman 1). The novel containsRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights2095 Words   |  9 PagesEra and one of them is Emily Brontà «; her greatest and well-known work is Wuthering Heights. 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Even though Catherine and Heathcliffs desire for each other did appear to be the attraction of Wuthering Heights, provided that it is greater and moreRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1350 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes conflicting, genres. Wuthering Heights, written by the famous Emily Brontà «, is one pointed example of a divisive novel in this sense. Although it possesses characteristics of a diverse range of literature, inconsistencies undermine many standard categorizations. Wuthering Heights is far too twisted and its concept of love far too flawed to be a romantic novel, although the saga of Heathcliff and Cathy is undoubtedly a love story. As a whole, Wuthering Heights is best described as a GothicRead MoreWuth ering Heights1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn the gothic novel, Wuthering Heights, a man named Lockwood rents a manor house called Thrushcross Grange in the moor country of England in the winter of 1801. Here, he meets his landlord, Heathcliff, a very wealthy man who lives 4 miles away in the manor called Wuthering Heights. Nelly Dean is Lockwood’s housekeeper, who worked as a servant in Wuthering Heights when she was a child. Lockwood asks her to tell him about Heathcliff, she agrees, while she tells the story Lockwood writes it all downRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights2154 Words   |  9 Pagesof the Romantic Era and one of them is Emily Brontà «; her greatest and well-known work is Wuthering Heights. The novel demonstrates characteristics of the Romantic Era and this important literary movement has affected the novel. Emily Brontà « is a British novelist and poet. She was born in 1818, Thornton, Yorkshire, England – and died in 1848, Haworth, Yorkshire. Brontà « was one of six children; they were five sisters and a brother. Her father, Patrick Brontà «, was a clergyman from an Irish origin andRead More`` Wuthering Heights `` By Emily Bronte1503 Words   |  7 PagesViolence Rooted in Passion and Savagery In the early 18th century, gothic novels made their debut in a time when conservatism, empiricism, and realism dominated the modern western world. During this time, Emily Brontà « challenged the morality of European customs in her revolutionary novel, Wuthering Heights. The novel questioned the way readers thought about civilization, and defied popular cultural ideals during the rise of Romanticism: How does nature differ from culture? And in what ways doesRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pagesa part of life to them at the time. One such author is Emily Brontà «, a woman who never married. She and her sisters experienced many familial hardships and began writing at a young age, perhaps as a coping mechanism. With this in mind and assessing trials and events in her life, one cannot help but find uncanny parallels between the characters of her novels and the social turmoil she witnessed. At first glance, Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuther ing Heights may seem to be the tragedy of two young lovers. However

The Concept Of Self Identity - 1360 Words

The concept of Self-Identity, and the theories that relate to it, are ever-present in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. The concept of Self-Identity is a Psychological concept that many famous Psychologists have spent years studying. The main theories of self-identity that relate to the story of Frankenstein are those by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The ideas of Sigmund Freud’s concept of Superego, Id, and Ego are represented by Victor’s father, the creation, and Victor with their actions in the novel. Carl Jung’s theory of shadow and self is represented by Victor and his creation. The theory of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture are shown by Victor and his relationship with his creation. In Frankenstein, several psychological concepts based on self-identity are showcased by Victor and his relationships with other beings. Victor’s own creation becomes representative of his Id, through the creatures reliance on instinct an d lack of ability to accept his own isolation. Freud describes the Id as the instinctual part of our personality, and this includes sleeping, eating, and procreating. The monster catches up with Victor and has a request for Victor, â€Å"I am alone, and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me†¦ This being you must create†(Shelley 104). The creature develops an immense loneliness due to his being the only one of his kind, and threatens Victor if he does notShow MoreRelatedIdentity And The Concept Of Self1217 Words   |  5 Pageshave learned several things about identity and the concept of self. Self concept is the intellectual and theoretical awareness and constant regard that conscious beings hold with regard to their own self. Elements of a persons self concept include but are not limited physical, psychological, and social attributes and can be affected by its attitudes, habits, beliefs an d ideas. These factors can each be condensed to the common ideas of self esteem as well as self image. Many of the achievements andRead MoreSelf Concept Is Our Self Identity Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-concept is our self-identity, and is the way that one perceives itself, it includes both attitudes and the collection of beliefs. Self-Concept also branches out into self-image and self-esteem. Self-image, is the way the person pictures itself. The self-esteem is the way we evaluate ourselves. We identify ourselves by our communication, and our interactions with others. 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For instance, your identity aroundRead MoreDevelopment Of Self Esteem, Self Concept And Identity Through Middle Childhood And Adolescence2561 Words   |  11 PagesDevelopment of self-esteem, self-concept and identity through middle childhood and adolescence Anuja Rupesh Vora New York University The years between 6 and 18, middle childhood to adolescence is a time of important development that leads to the establishment of self-concept, self-esteem, and identity for children. Self-concept can be defined as an idea of the self that is created from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the way that others respond to the created self. On the otherRead MoreIdentity And Self Concept Is Dependent Upon Social Interactions And Experiences Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity or self-concept is dependent upon social interactions and experiences. However, identity is also very much dependent upon the agency of one’s self-representation. 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Prior to any participantRead MoreStudent Athletes s Academic Self Concept And Academic Identity1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe study sought to address and understand how the â€Å"dumb-jock† stereotype influences a student’s academic self-concept and academic identity. Student-athletes have multiple identities while in college which can be influenced by stereotype threat. Academic identity and athletic identity both heavily influence a student’s self-perception. The researchers surveyed collegiate athletes across gender, race, ethnicity, athletic division, and sport about their experiences as student-athletes at t heir respectiveRead MoreMultidimensional Framework Proposed By Rockquemore And Colleagues1237 Words   |  5 Pagesmultiracial identity among a broader diverse multiracial sample. The problem was that in terms of social construction of race, this particular framework acknowledged only two â€Å"traditional† options of being â€Å"Black† or â€Å"biracial†. 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I think it is an interesting concept because it requires us to cease our own thoughts for a minute and consider the perspective of another person, which is importantRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Project of the self is one of the most significant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, it

Why Do Ads Target Children Free Essays

Why do Ads Target Children? Have you ever been in an isle of a store and heard, but mom I really want this I saw it on television? This is a product of advertising. Since the late 1980’s children have emerged as a key demographic to marketers. Advertisements selling everything from the latest video game to the newest automobile are now targeted to the youth of our world. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Ads Target Children? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children have buying power that sways their parents’ purchases, and they are the future consumer. Marketing to children is creating the children’s ability to nag a parent into purchases. Nagging or â€Å"Pester Power† is the most used strategy in the market today. The theory behind this is rather than going straight to the parent, give the child the buying power. Children are much more persuasive in the middle of a shopping trip than that commercial the parent heard two hours ago. Children often get their â€Å"wants† based on their persistence of needing a product. If someone asks you whether you want a Coke or Pepsi, you immediately know you’re being asked about a carbonated cola beverage — with distinct yet subtle differences between the two. Which ever brand you choose, Coke or Pepsi shows that somewhere along the line you developed a preference for that product. In Advertising it is called product loyalty. Marketers use Repetition of products children have no current use for such as a Ford Truck to build brand recognition in hopes that as an adult they will buy that Ford verses the Chevrolet. It also works with things such as Cake mixes. A child watches the Betty Crocker cake mix ad, nags the parent into buying and using the product. Then in turn buys the product as an adult based on their experience as a child. The Market has seen a new angle to encourage children to buy brand X over the competitor’s product. Many schools have lost funding due to our economic downfall. So advertisers such as Campbell’s soup have come up with campaigns such as â€Å"Labels for Education†. Basically you buy their product. Send in the label and earn stuff for your school. This gives both children and parents a creditable reason for buying the product. Corporations are also gaining access to advertise in public schools in exchange for materials. Frito Lay will sponsor events in schools in exchange for tagging their logo n flyers advertising the event. Children are easily influenced by things they see. Nine times out of ten a child will pick the cereal with Hannah Montana on the box over the box that she’s not on. Since the days of radio children have been introduced to the idea that if I want to be a star I should eat the same cereals that the stars’ eats. The use of role mode ls and celebrities to influence children is used everywhere. If it is meant for the use or consumption of a child you will most likely find a celebrity attached to it. On average there are three televisions and one computer in every home. So it is no wonder how advertising can reach so many children. Just a child sitting down to do some school researches can be inundated with hundreds of advertisements in an hour’s time. A half hour television special contains at the least 10 minutes of commercials. Just about everywhere you look someone is trying to sell something. Although, children have no direct income of their own we often overlook their buying power. In today’s busy world parents have tendency to buy more to satisfy their children. From candy bars to flat screens never underestimate the buying power of a whining child. How to cite Why Do Ads Target Children?, Papers

Drug Use and Delinquency free essay sample

Drug Use and Delinquency Response Adolescents may try drugs just to experiment or by feeling pressured into trying the drug by other family members or friends. Drug use among adolescences may lead to delinquency for the fact that an adolescents’ behavior most likely started before the start of drugs or alcohol. I will give a brief explanation on reasons for delinquency and drug use starting with reasons adolescents may start using drugs or alcohol and then describe how drug use may relate to delinquency. According to studies adolescents who experienced substance abuse gave several reasons in why they turned to drugs or alcohol such as â€Å"my friends pressured me† or â€Å"I wanted to feel good and get high,† â€Å"to have a good time with friends,† or to â€Å"escape from my problems† (Titus, Godley White 2006, p33. ). Adolescents may also be influenced by other negative events that may be happening in the adolescent’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Use and Delinquency or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research typically shows the reasons related to starting drugs or alcohol is peer-social behavior, dealing with negative conditions or feelings, or achieving a satisfying state (Titus, Godley White, 2006). Studies reveal positive and negative emotions in the understanding of deviant behavior in youths’. Most teenagers generally use drugs for gratification however the adolescents who may become addicted say they are unhappy with past decisions or current situations (Brunelle, Cousineau, Brochu, (2005). There could be many factors in how drug use becomes related to delinquency for example by having family conflict inside the house it could lead to an adolescences delinquency such as damaging property or the start of substance abuse. Research shows adolescents with less supervision and monitoring, more family conflict, and weak parent/child attachment most likely is at more risk in delinquency and drug use (Fagan, Van Horn, Antaramian Hawkins 2011).

9 Great Content Analytics Tools (Plus 5 Lesser-Known Alternatives)

As search engines now have a major impact on consumer behavior, content has become one of the most powerful ways to drive website traffic and generate leads. However, to remain competitive you need to take advantage of the right tools to ensure your content marketing efforts have maximum impact. Here, we’ll uncover some of the best free and paid content analytics tools to help you power up your content marketing. Website Analytics Around 69% of marketers analyze page views and unique visitors to measure the success of their content while less than half are examining the time users spend on their site. However, these tools could help you get a fuller picture so you can gain a more competitive edge: 1. Google Analytics With such a wide variety of content stats and reports to delve into, it can take a while to get the most out of Google Analytics, but it’s worth it. Discover the number of clicks on web pages, stats on keywords, time users stay on your site, content sharing stats, and so much more. One of its best features – especially for retail users – is the goal funnel tool. Here, you can set up a row of URLs that users have to go through, so you can see how many users complete your conversion funnels, and how many drop off. 2. SEMrush SEMrush isn’t as widely used as Google Analytics, but it’s just as powerful in terms of competitor and keyword research. Just enter a URL or keyword in the search bar, and you’ll receive a ton of information about a web page. You can even see live stats on keywords, including keywords used for paid ads. Alternative 1: Webtrends This analytics tool helps you measure customer behavior across numerous channels, including your website and social platforms. Crucially, Webtrends gives you real-time data that helps you create different customer segments for more effective content targeting. By segmenting your users by age, location and more, you can maximize your content’s reach. With SEO and A/B testing tools, Webtrends helps you identify the strong and weak spots of your website’s content and your social media marketing effectiveness. It comes with many video tutorials, webinar classes and constant email and telephone support and provides a great mix of all around analytics. Alternative 2: Hotjar This awesome tool lets you record users’ sessions on your website. This means you can watch videos of real users as they click around and scroll through your pages. This tools helps you answer questions like: how much time do readers spend reading a particular blog page? On which pages do they scroll down more? When do they click away from your site? Having this real data at hand means you can identify your best and worst performing content and tweak your content and design elements to improve your website experience. Engagement Analytics 3. BuzzSumo Renowned as one of the greatest content research tools, BuzzSumo will give you stats on the most popular content in your industry, taken from social media sites and other domains. You can view backlinks from any web page, compare engagement between domains, get a list of your most popular social media posts, and much more. There’s a free plan, but if you’re after in-depth stats, consider one of the paid packages. 4. Impactana Some experts think this tool is even more impressive than BuzzSumo for measuring content engagement. Using its platform, you can search for the most engaging content on your site, then sort it by â€Å"Buzz† or â€Å"Impact.† The â€Å"Buzz† signals show you how the content is shared on social media, while the â€Å"Impact† signals measure actual engagement, including backlinks, clicks, views, comments, downloads, and more. 5. Clicky For websites with fewer than 3,000 views per day, Clicky is free to use. One of Clicky’s best features is its heatmapping technology, which visually shows you how visitors engage with your site. You can even view heatmaps for certain audience segments. For example, you can view the behaviour of visitors who don’t make a purchase, so you can see when they’re dropping off. Alternative 3: SqueezeCMM Through straightforward analytics and conversion measurement, SqueezeCMM will help you quickly uncover the ROI of your content efforts. It shows you how different content performs at different stages of the buying cycle, highlighting which content assets are more successful at moving prospects along the sales funnel. Find out which of your social media channels are driving more clicks and conversions while discovering which content is the most profitable by channel and audience. Social Media Analytics 53% of buyers say Facebook informs their purchase decisions, so it’s clearly important to regularly evaluate your social media activity. If you’re not, or you’re looking for some new options to help rate your content’s performance across all your social channels, here are a few tools to check out. 6. Followerwonk If you do any marketing on Twitter, Followerwonk can give you a wide range of data to help you target your audience more effectively. Find out the most popular hashtags for your account, or discover when most of your followers are active to maximize the impact of postings. As well as analyzing your own Twitter account, you can also research the accounts of competitors. 7. Buffer Buffer is another powerful social media analytics tool, and free to use for up to three social media accounts. The analytics is more basic on the free plan, but you can still compare the performance of your social media posts in terms of engagement and reach. Alternative 4: Tweriod This tool will show you what time of day your audience is most active on Twitter and analyzes your previous posts so you can start tweeting at the right times to reach more people. After analyzing your tweets and your followers’ tweets, Tweriod sends you a no-nonsense overview of what time of day you should be tweeting. If you’re looking to create more engagement on Twitter, this could be a fantastic tool. SEO Analytics 8. Google Search Console While Google Analytics is more useful for discovering how website users interact with your site, Google Search Console is more focused on how search engines interact with your site. Basically, it has three main functions: Search analytics reports, showing you click-through rates from search engine results pages to your site, including which queries prompted those results. Alerts for any website errors or issues. Through Fetch as Google, you can see whether Googlebots can access your pages correctly. 9. Acrolinx The Acrolinx platform is built on an advanced linguistic analytics engine, and is more concerned with helping content marketers achieve a consistent content output. The tool will make sure your content aligns with your company’s standards in terms of tone of voice, style, language, SEO, readability, and other factors. It can even make suggestions on how to alter content according to which audience segments you’re targeting. Acrolinx has its own scoring system, so you can constantly monitor the standard of your content according to its rules, and make improvements based on its suggestions when necessary. This is especially useful for teams with multiple writers, to ensure your brand’s voice remains consistent. Alternative 5: MarketMuse This powerful piece of software is able to identify gaps in your content strategy. It will analyze keywords and build a custom keyword strategy that details the steps you need to take to optimize your onsite content for search engines. As well as content and competitor analysis, MarketMuse also has a site audit tool that reviews your site and generates a report detailing which topics are well covered and which are not. In Summary Good content marketing starts with unique and engaging content, but if you don’t regularly analyze how your content performs and make the necessary adjustments, your content marketing efforts may never pay off. Test out some of these analytics tools and see which ones fit in best with your content strategy. You may need to use a select few to cater to all your needs, but with the right data at your fingertips, you can streamline your content marketing efforts and unlock the potential of your business.

The political carreers of Huey Long and Father Coughlin essays

The political carreers of Huey Long and Father Coughlin essays Throughout the Great Depression the United States went through tremendous change. When there is a time of great change, there are always people who oppose it, whether the change is good or bad. The issue of this report is not to discuss if the changes in America throughout the depression were positive or negative, but to discuss the people who opposed it; primarily focusing on Huey Long and Charles Coughlin, or Father Coughlin, and their reasoning and methods of protest. Huey Long and Father Coughlin were extremely influential politicians who opposed the creeping new society of Big Business and high technology. They blamed certain companies and theyre owners (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Pullman, ect.) of Big Business for the financial distraught of America, and were very successful in conveying their argument. However, they were not so successful in achieving their goal in the destruction of this new technological society, for the simple reason that they were too late. The society of America and the world had already turned towards this economic change. To understand the views of Long and Coughlin you must understand the people that they are. Huey Long was a fiery young man from the start. At the age of twenty he made the prophecy that he would run for election first to secondary stated office in Louisiana, then for governor, then for United States Senator, and finally for president (page 8). He had the combination of ruthless ambition, along with compassion of the downtrodden. Throughout his life he completed all of his predictions, except for the most prestigious: the presidency. Many believe the only reason he did not succeed in becoming president is because he was assassinated before he got the chance. He was known to many as the Kingfish, referring to his near dictatorship on Louisiana. He constantly went off into filibusters during congressional meetings, whether it be to pursuade against or in fav...

Week 3 Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Week 3 Conference - Essay Example This order was issued on 13 November 2001. I do not agree that the military tribunal provide constitutional right fully because they do not provide tor the right of the due process of law that has been accorded to all accused persons in the United States. In that, any evidence or testimony from previous trials can be admissible during the trial, which I not the case in the criminal civil courts that means that the tried person is not accorded the right to due process. According to the constitution adopted in 1787 gave the president who is the command in chief of the armed forces power to determine and punish war crimes committed by the offenders and the terrorist. (Article 1, section 8, clause10). In the case of Exparte Milligan (1866), the court illustrated that the constitution protects the law of the land. It also tried to justify the fact that every person should get a fair trial. Where upon Appeal it was held that Milligan should have been tried in a regular court, and not a military tribunal as the law protects every persons and they are equal. Korematsu had a right of fair treatment as any other American resident but since he was Japanese, the government felt that they had a right to protect their country during war times. Moreover, if they saw him as a threat then they had a right to send him away from his home where he had refused to come out of, as he believed it was his right. The court felt that it was impossible from them to separate the friend from the foe or the royal and the disloyal as Korematsu was from the imperial Japan. This was the same case as the Chinese where they were denied to open laundry places at this time. The exclusion order 9066 at that time that is the 1942 to 1944 was seen as constitution because the courts sided with the government as they were trying to protect the country during the time of war. It was also held that the individual right of Mr. Fred was not as important as the rights of

Regulations and policies for domestic flights in Canada (airline Research Paper

Regulations and policies for domestic flights in Canada (airline industry in Canada) - Research Paper Example vernment could decide to regulate the Domestic Airlines’ operations: the commonest ones include the need for transparency in airlines’ activities. The airlines are expected to be open and frank about their records, information systems and quality of services. This would assist the appropriate governmental agency to periodically investigate the level of conformity with Canada’s Air Transport Laws, in a bid to make the industry to be responsible towards the customers and the public in general (Reschenthaler et al 45). Another significant purpose for regulating the domestic airlines is the possibility of reducing the administrative burdens of the carriers: this means that cumbersome bureaucratic processes could increase the overhead cost of operations of the carriers, and this may lead to inefficiency and poor performance that could affect the activities of the airlines and make the customers discontented. If the Canadian government has failed to regulate the Domestic Airlines, the two important factors highlighted above may have caused unprecedented market failure and eventual collapse of Canada’s airline industry. Complaints have been mounting about some laxities in the operations of the Canada’s domestic carriers: and a close investigation of the complaints revealed that most problems are not unconnected to the inability to create transparency in operation of the carriers and cumbersome bureaucratic processes in the industry. The official agency saddled with the responsibility of regulating the activities of the domestic airlines in Canada is Canadian Transportation Agency, CTA. The agency primary responsibilities include handling and resolving all disputes connected with air transportation; improving the air transportation activities and, as a regulator, making helpful decisions about the operations in the air, rail and marine transportation (CTA 2009a). Canadian Transportation Agency got its legal regulatory powers from Canada’s Air Transportation

The Major Sources Of Economic Income Many Areas Of The World Tourism Essay

The Major Sources Of Economic Income Many Areas Of The World Tourism Essay Mallorca is the largest of the Balearic Island, at a size of 3,667 square Kilometres and is located off the South-east coast of Spain. The islands coastline stretches for 550 km, and has a climate of hot summers and mild winters with average temperatures reaching 21 Celsius. Mallorcas current population is just over 790,000, and the official language is either Catalan or Spanish, although due to the increasing number of tourists many young Mallorcans can speak some English and German. Tourism in Mallorca began to grow rapidly in the 1950s, with 98,000 tourists visiting the island. By 1995 almost three million tourists had visited, and by 2001 more than 19,200,000 people had visited the island by air, with another 1.5 million visiting by sea. The main attractions to Mallorca for tourists are sandy beaches, the weather, tourist infrastructure and for some, the many clubs located on the island. In total there are three million beds available on the island, which is more than enough for three times the local population. Since this huge rise in the number of tourists, tourism has become the main form of income for Mallorcans and tourism accounts for 85% of the islands income (Jackson et al 1999). The summer months is the peak season for tourists visiting the island, while during the spring, winter and autumn it is cooler and cheaper. Normally the winter caters for those with second homes on the island, and also elderly holidays. The consequences of mass, concentrated tourism in Mallorca has however led to many problems on the island. Tourists have a very negative impact on Mallorcas environment. On a field course to Mallorca in 2007, it discovered that at peak times of the year, 25 tons of sand is carried from Es Trenc beach by tourists in their towels, toes and shoes. Tourists also cause water shortages across through swimming pools, hotels and golf courses. Tourists also tend to shower a lot more often than the host population. This is very damaging for Mallorca as water then has to be shipped in from main land which can be very costly. Mallorca also has a lot of air pollution. Amazingly Mallorcans own the most number of cars per head in Europe. In CalviÃÆ'   alone there are eight hundred cars per thousand of the population. According to the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), seventy million cars pass through CalviÃÆ'   each year. Fifty million of these are driven by tourists. Also of course there is the amount of litter that tourists leave behind which has a major impact on the environment and wild life. However, the cost to Mallorcas environment has been blinded, at least until recently, by the great economic prosperity that tourism has brought to the island. Mallorcas economy is heavily reliant on tourism (85% of income).Tourism is an integrated and fragmented product, meaning that money from tourists goes directly to hotels, restaurants and shops. This expenditure coming from tourists can also have indirect benefits with improvements to infrastructure and community services (Mathieson et al 1992). This has been proved in Mallorca because Mallorcans enjoy some of the highest living standards in Spain. Tourism in Mallorca is also the main employer, and Mallorcas employment levels are very low because of the tourism industry and also the current housing and construction boom, to cater for more tourists. However, Mallorca has become far too reliant on tourism as its main source of income. Should the tourism industry for what ever reason collapse in Mallorca, then the economy could pot entially be devastated. With the current financial crisis, tourism has already fallen by 15% ( Unger SalÃÆ' ¨n 2009). Also with high seasonal variation, should a tourist business not be successful during the peak season (summer), then it will be very hard to survive financially through the winter months. The tourism boom in Mallorca has also led to a 30% increase in the price of land, partially due to homes being built with black money. This has forced many young Mallorcans to leave the island in search of affordable land to live on. This potentially has effects for the future of Mallorca as young people are seen as being initiative and are being forced off the island. As you can see, past and even some present tourism practices are not sustainable in Mallorca. However, since the end of the 1980s to present the regional and national government policies have worked hard to try and make tourism in Mallorca more sustainable. The WTO defines sustainable tourism as Å“meeting the needs of present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future  (1992). Perhaps a definition of sustainable tourism more relevant to Mallorca would be Å“Tourism should be sustained without having an effect on other activities within the area. It should not hog or displace the current economy but should complement and bolster it. It should help diversify the economy rather than replacing certain aspects of it . Can Mallorca actually achieve sustainable tourism? Since the mid 1980s, and even more so during the 1990s, government policies have been trying to make tourism in Mallorca sustainable. During the 1970s tourism in Mallorca was seen as a job creator, and the effects on the environment were ignored. The government first began to notice the problems associated with tourism during the recession in 1974. Visitor numbers were at their lowest levels since the Franco regime, and it began to show on the island (The Mallorca Tourist Board 2006). In 1983 the Balearics were given full autonomy to establish its own tourism policy, independent from Central Government in Spain. This was a major step on the road to sustainability as local government could be far more effective in distributing sustainable policies as they know what the most problematic areas are. Following autonomous government decrees came a series of policies to make Mallorca a more sustainable tourist destination. Work by Estaban Bardolet suggests that Mallorcas aims were to Å“protect the environment, limit growth, improve quality of services, infrastructure and product . These aims will be useful in order to find out how effective Mallorca has been about becoming more sustainable. To find out just how effective sustainable policy in Mallorca has been, the essay will be split into sub sections, firstly looking at ËÅ"environmental protection, then ËÅ"limiting growth and finally ËÅ"improving the quality of product. Environmental Protection The first law on protecting the environment came in 1984 with ËÅ"protecting natural areas of special interest, which limited tourism development and protected natural resources, and was followed by a law on Å“territorial planning  in 1987. The 1987 law was very important, as it was the first law put into place that regulated the construction of hotels and other buildings, which in the past had been allowed to be built almost anywhere (Middleton et al 2001). Before this law was put into place, many new constructions were built on the beach front, which severely damaged the ecology of the sand dunes. In 1988, a wetland area of approximately 2,580 ha with a perimeter of 32 km was been created at SAlbufera. It was created in to help preserve Mallorcas natural environment and animal habitats. Since then the area has been declared a ZEPA, Bird Special Protection Zone, a Biosphere and a Ramsar site. Tourists are attracted to the area to see the rare bird species, which is ironic because the area was created to stop the mass tourist development and conserve the environment in the area. This was one of the very first environmental policies introduced by local government in the Balearics, and was followed up in 1991 with the law on Å“Natural Areas  which put 33% of territory in the Balearic Islands under protection. This law proved very significant as it prevented any construction on these areas of land, and therefore preventing further damage to the natural environment. In 1997 the government expanded its 1987 policy on territorial planning to focus on more long term planning for all activities and to encourage higher quality tourism without depleting natural resources this came through work with Local Agenda 21, which will be discussed later using CalviÃÆ'   as an example. Also a Å“Law of Rural Land  was passed which put a cap on the amount of tourist villas and second homes which were allowed to be developed in rural areas. However, there was no evidence to suggest that this law lessened construction of tourist homes in rural areas and there has also been an increase in the refurbishment of old farm houses, which has further weakened the presence of agriculture in rural areas of Mallorca. In 2002, the Government of the Balearic Islands launched a tourist eco tax to help counteract the environmental problems caused by tourists. The tax amounted to an extra à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1 per day, per adult (over 16) and would be collected by registered tourist accommodation (Middleton et al 2001). However the tax was abandoned in 2003 following a change in government. During its brief time the tax helped raise à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬25 million, which was used to help clean up Mallorcas environment (geographypages.co.uk). However the abolishment of the tax did show that the government were not fully committed to helping improve Mallorcas environment. Limiting Growth One of Mallorcas main problems as a tourist destination was its over crowdedness and frequently exceeding the carrying capacity. One of the first government policies to limit growth came in 1984 with ËÅ"Decree Cladera I. This policy demanded that 30m ² of land for individual tourist beds and that some of the land was to be used for leisure. (Batle et al 1999). Then in 1987 the ËÅ"Decree Cladera II expanded the required land to 60m ² and introduced a new minimum quality hotel standard. These policies were very successful as they limited the growth of cheap, poor quality hotels on the island. However, it can also be argued that this would simply cause a greater number of tourists to the island, because by the 1990s, people had more disposable incomes, and no longer had to look for cheap, poor quality accommodation whilst on holiday as they could now afford much better. In 1997 the Å“D  plan was introduced which highlighted the need to promote off peak tourism to the island. The Mallorcan government worked hard to advertise and promote off peak visits to the island to try and relieve some of the pressure during the summer months. The plan has been reasonably effective with more people, especially the elderly visiting the island during the winter months. However there is still far too much pressure on the islands resources during the summer to say this plan has been effective. In 1999 the Balearics Government introduced a new Tourism Law which brought together previous legislative acts. The new law stopped bed capacity for all of the Balearic Islands (Middleton et al 2001). This is very important because by decreasing, or stopping increases in the amount of tourist beds, you effectively reduce tourism growth on the island. The new law also set about limiting further development in urban areas, except for all ready approved sites. The most important act to come from this new law was to make any construction closer than 500 meters of the sea shore forbidden (in 1988 the Spanish Government had previously set it at 100 meters) (Middleton et al 2001). This again was very important as the construction of hotels and other tourist buildings along the seashore had on the past been destroying the coast line. On a fieldtrip to Mallorca in 2007 an examination of how construction had affected the ecology of sand dunes at Es Trenc took place. The sand dunes examined wer e very unhealthy, due to the fact that a hotel had been built on it at . Improving quality of product At the end of the 1980s began the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. In 1988 the External Support Agencies (ESAs) Collaborative Council was established to help co-ordinate water sanitation. Following the establishment of this council the Å“Global Sanitation Plan  was introduced in 1989 and was to be completed by 1997 at a cost of US$200 million (Bardolet). As a result new water sewage systems were built in Mallorca which helped keep the sea clean. The plan was very successful in keeping beaches clean as by the end of the 20th Century, fifty beaches in the Balearics had been awarded ËÅ"Blue Flag status. However the plan was not completely successful as there is a worry that the water table may have been contaminated by water that has not been recycled properly. In 1990 a plan to ËÅ"embellish tourist resorts was introduced. Over US$100 million was invested to coastal areas to make walkways, lighting and green spaces along the seaside. The plan was very successful as it made coastal areas aesthetically very attractive to tourists. However, many local people living in the sea side areas dislike it as it has made seaside areas very urbanised. In 1994 the Balearic Government introduced the Hotel Accomodation Modernisation plan. The plan stated that hotels built before 1984 were to be inspected and then renovated. The government set a deadline of completion of renovation by 1997. Any hotels which did not comply would be shut down, however by 1997 30% of hotels had not yet been finished so the deadline was extended to 1999 (Bardolet). The renovation work cost just under US$800 million. However this plan greatly improved Mallorcas tourist accommodation, as combined with other acts, the emphasis on accommodation was now on quality rather than quantity. In 1996 the ËÅ"Law on Modernisation of the Complementary Tourism Supply was introduced to run along side the previous plan of 1994 however this law was aimed at the catering sector. Again this improved the quality of product as it improved the standards of the catering industry, and there for improving the quality of experience for tourists. Case study Calvi CalviÃÆ'   has grown as a tourism resort since the 1960s and is now the second largest urban area in Mallorca after Palma. CalviÃÆ'  s economy is highly reliant on tourism, with 95% of jobs being tourist-related. Average family incomes are 130% the national average, and 105% the European average (United Nations publication 2003). However, years of mass growth has led to environmental damage, aging leisure facilities and poor quality services for tourists (AquilÃÆ' ³ 2005). CalviÃÆ'   was becoming overcrowded with its population 3,000 to 40,000 inhabitants over a short period of time (CalviÃÆ'   Local Agenda 21). The first consequences of this were seen between 1988 and 1990 when tourism fell by 20%, CalviÃÆ'   was losing its competitiveness as a tourist resort. CalviÃÆ'   had become unsustainable because damage caused to its natural environment, especially along coastal areas. The area suffered water shortages, air pollution and had problems with extensive amounts of rubbish. It also had very poor transportation links and lacked diverse employment opportunities as most of the population was employed in the tourism industry. However, biggest problem was tat CalviÃÆ'   had greatly exceeded its carrying capacity, and could no longer cope with the number of tourists visiting the area in the high season. To reinstate CalviÃÆ'   as a major tourist destination in Mallorca, local councillors along with the Spanish Ministry for Tourism developed Å“The CalviÃÆ'   Plan for Tourists Excellence  at the start of the early 1990s (CalviÃÆ'   Local Agenda 21; Bustamante 1999). The plan had three main points, clear buildings along coastal areas, promote off-peak tourist practices and to train the population in employment in the tourism industry. However the plan did have its limitations. It is argues that it did not look at the long term development of the area, and merely wanted to deal with trying to once again boost tourist areas. It was also not properly co-ordinated in terms of economic, social and environmental interaction. The failure of Å“CalviÃÆ'   Plan for Tourists Excellence  led to the adoption of CalviÃÆ'   Local Agenda 21, one of the main sustainable policy instruments to come from Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (AguilÃÆ' ³ 2005). A strategy was put forward in 1996. The main aim of this policy was long term tourism .and local sustainable development with protecting and enhancing the environment being the main objective (Molz 2004). Ten action plans were devised, and forty initiatives were put into action. This approach meant a new integrated approach to tourism between local council, national council and Non Government Organisations NGOs working together to make CalviÃÆ'   a more sustainable destination. It also allowed for resident participation, one of the key features of sustainable development (Bell et al 1999). The sustainable action plan through ËÅ"CalviÃÆ'   Local Agenda 21 has been very successful in making CalviÃÆ'   a more sustainable tourist resort and in attracting tourists back to the area. In 2000 1.6 million people visited CalviÃÆ'  , from which 86% came from abroad (CalviÃÆ'   Local Agenda 21). Conclusion In the Twenty First Century, Mallorca has developed itself into a high quality tourist resort, partly due to the efforts and policies put into place by the governments of the late 1980s and 1990s. In 2004, there were 180 hotels and agroturismos (transformed traditional Mallorcan fincas) had been built inland (Cox 2005). At first this may seem like a bad thing, as tourist developments are taking up even more land. However, this type of tourism accommodation is marketed to the eco-friendly tourist, who cares about their own impact on the tourist destination. This type of tourism is also of a very high quality, and also limits growth and overcrowding as the carrying capacity of these resorts is low. However, being so far inland the tourist is more likely to use a car to get to other areas because they are not in walking distance. This type of tourism is much more sustainable than the traditional sun, sea and sand holidays that had previously been associated with Mallorca. Mallorca has now emerged as a high quality tourist destination, challenging the traditional views of a bargain holiday destination. Mallorca now boasts five-star resorts, luxury hotels and very high quality restaurants. The service industry has also gained from higher class tourism, especially catering. In 2006 Mallorca had six Michelin- starred restaurants (businessweek.com 2006). However, Mallorca still suffers from the stereotypical idea that the island is a cheap holiday destination offering beaches and cheap drink. Some government policies such as the eco-tax have failed, while others have not done enough to tackle problems such as the environmental damage caused by years of irresponsible tourist development plans. Some policies and work from groups in the 1990s have helped Mallorca become aware that tourist practices can not continue. However, there is still much work to be done in order to make Mallorca a fully sustainable holiday destination.

Constructivism Learning Theory Essay

Constructivism learning theory is a philosophy which enhances students’ logical and conceptual growth. The underlying concept within the constructivism learning theory is the role which experiences-or connections with the adjoining atmosphere-play in student education. The constructivism learning theory argues that people produce knowledge and form meaning based upon their experiences. Two of the key concepts within the constructivism learning theory which create the construction of an individual’s new knowledge are accommodation and assimilation. Assimilating causes an individual to incorporate new experiences into the old experiences. This causes the individual to develop new outlooks, rethink what were once misunderstandings, and evaluate what is important, ultimately altering their perceptions. Accommodation, on the other hand, is reframing the world and new experiences into the mental capacity already present. Individuals conceive a particular fashion in which the world operates. When things do not operate within that context, they must accommodate and reframing the expectations with the outcomes. Bruner’s Theory on Constructivism Bruner’s theory on constructivism encompasses the idea of learning as an active process wherein those learning are able to form new ideas based on what their current knowledge is as well as their past knowledge. A cognitive structure is defined as the mental processes which offer the learner the ability to organize experiences and derive meaning from them. These cognitive structures allow the learner to push past the given information in constructing their new concepts. The learner, often a child, will take pieces of their past knowledge and experiences and organize them to make sense of what they know, then base further concepts and solve additional problems based upon a combination of what they already processed and what they think should be processed next. The teacher resources used should be focused on that of encouragement, aiding and allowing the student to uncover the main principles on their own. Communication between the learner and teacher is the key concept. Socratic learning is suggested as the best method of communication in this theoretical framework, as it allows the  teacher to actively note any study skills the learner verbalizes, their progression, their frustrations, and form a rubric of their current learning state based on the dialogue. Seeing as this theory takes known information and expounds upon it, any teacher lesson plans, teacher worksheets, or resources should in fact be constantly building the learner’s knowledge in a spiral manner. The four major principles of Bruner’s theory on constructivism encompass 1) a predilection toward learning. The second, how a grouping of knowledge is able to be constructed to best be understood by the learner. The third is effective manners for the teacher to present said material to the learner, with the fourth and final aspect being the progression of rewards as well as punishments. Piaget’s Theory of Constructivism Jean Piaget was a philosopher from Switzerland. He was also a natural scientist that was famous for the work that he did studying cognitive development and learning theories encompassed in his view of â€Å"genetic epistemology†. At the young age of eleven he attended high school at Switzerland Latin wherein one of his short pieces was the start of his scientific career. Piaget’s theory of constructivism impacts learning curriculum because teachers have to make a curriculum plan which enhances their students’ logical and conceptual growth. Teacher must put emphasis on the significant role that experiences-or connections with the adjoining atmosphere-play in student education. For example, teachers must bear in mind the role those fundamental concepts, such as the permanence of objects, plays when it comes to establishing cognitive structures. Piaget’s theory of constructivism argues that people produce knowledge and form meaning based upon their experience s. Piaget’s theory covered learning theories, teaching methods, and education reform. Two of the key components which create the construction of an individual’s new knowledge are accommodation and assimilation. Assimilating causes an individual to incorporate new experiences into the old experiences. This causes the individual to develop new outlooks, rethink what were once misunderstandings, and evaluate what is important, ultimately altering their perceptions. Accommodation, on the other hand, is reframing the world and new experiences into the mental  capacity already present. Individuals conceive a particular fashion in which the world operates. When things do not operate within that context, they must accommodate and reframing the expectations with the outcomes. Vygotsky’s Theory on Constructivism Lev S. Vygotsky believed that culture is the principal determinant of cognitive progress. In Vgostsky’s theory on constructivism, knowledge leads to further cognitive development. The societal configuration of intelligence states that the individual growth could not be comprehended without indication to the societal and cultural context where the aforementioned evolution is entrenched mind development is continuous. Vygotsky focuses on the actual mechanism of the development. He excludes discernible stages of development as theories and assumptions. Vygotsky’s theory on constructivism does not adhere to the idea that a single abstract principle is able to explain cognitive development. As a substitute to Piaget’s constructivism, he argues that knowledge is internalization of social activity. Mediation refers to people intentionally interject items between their environment and themselves, so that they are able to modify it and gain specific benefits. Mediation is the key propoent of Vygotsky’s theory of constructivism. His theory offers a harmonizing viewpoint to the behaviorist view. Vygotsky’s theory of constructivism supports that the use of mediators helps the human to alter their environment, and this is her way of interacting with the nature. Vygotsky’s theory of constructivism also supports that the use of activity mediators provides a way in which people are able to interact with the nature. Mediation is also defined as the use of certain tools within socially organized activity. There were two phenomena which encompasses the mediated relationship of individuals to their environment. These are 1) Humans use language and physical signs to change social relations into psychological functions between their minds and their environment. The second thing was that higher intellectual progression will actually use symbolic mediation. Apart from learning theories, Piaget’s theory of constructivism addresses how learning actually occurs, not focusing on what influences learning. The role  of teachers is very important. Instead of giving a lecture the teachers in this theory function as facilitators whose role is to aid the student when it comes to their own understanding. This takes away focus from the teacher and lecture and puts it upon the student and their learning. The resources and lesson plans that must be initiated for this learning theory take a very different approach toward traditional learning as well. Instead of telling, the teacher must begin asking. Instead of answering questions that only align with their curriculum, the facilitator in this case must make it so that the student comes to the conclusions on their own instead of being told. Also, teachers are continually in conversation with the students, creating the learning experience that is open to new directions depending upon the needs of the student as the learning progresses. Teachers following Piaget’s theory of constructivism must challenge the student by making them effective critical thinkers and not being merely a â€Å"teacher† but also a mentor, a consultant, and a coach. Some strategies for teacher include having students working together and aiding to answer one another’s questions. Another strategy includes designating one student as the â€Å"expert† on a subject and having them teach the class. Finally, allowing students to work in groups or pairs and research controversial topics which they must then present to the class. Jonassen (1994) proposed that there are eight characteristics that differentiate constructivist learning environments: 1. Constructivist learning environments provide multiple representations of reality. 2. Multiple representations avoid oversimplification and represent the complexity of the real world. 3. Constructivist learning environments emphasize knowledge construction inserted of knowledge reproduction. 4. Constructivist learning environments emphasize authentic tasks in a meaningful context rather than abstract instruction out of context. 5. Constructivist learning environments provide learning environments such as real-world settings or case-based learning instead of predetermined sequences of instruction. 6. Constructivist learning environments encourage thoughtful reflection on experience. 7. Constructivist learning environments†enable context- and content- dependent knowledge construction.† 8. Constructivist learning environments support  Ã¢â‚¬Å"collaborative construction of knowledge through social negotiation, not competition among learners for recognition.† Jonassen’s eight characteristics would be supported by both social and cognitive constructivists. There is, however, a difference in the emphasis these two strands on constructivism place on each of those characteristics.

English-Cultural Studies- Generation X Essay

Throughout the years, rock and roll stars have greatly emerged in the consciousness of every American youth. In a world that appears to be uncontrollably spinning, the pied pipers of rock have acted as jesters, pillows, and poets for every incoming generation. The forerunners like Sex Pistols, the Who, the Doors, the Stones, the Beatles, and other rock and roll Hall of Famers, many of whom have become millionaire icons, rebelling against the society and pulling out the rich and seemingly boundless vein of alienation and angst among teenagers of the Generation X. During the 1990s, the rise of grunge music characterizes an imperative element of what has been the alternative rock trend in that decade. Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain made it to the pinnacle higher than any other rock and roll stars. Like several other rockers, Kurt Cobain became a sensation through the standards of his times. Generation X considered Kurt Cobain as their poet emeritus, he was the Richard Cory of his generation, joining the ranks of Elvis, Keith Moon, Jim Morrison, and Brian Jones as the white icon who apparently had everything, but threw it away. Generation X or Gen-X came into its own throughout the later part of 1980s and early 1990s. An inclination for grunge music epitomized by the band Nirvana expressed the disenchantments of a generation ceaselessly destined to exist in the gloominess of its elders. As it is ordinary in generational shifts, Gen-X philosophy has considerable inferences of disbelief against things held dear to the earlier generation. Accordingly, grunge music became the defining character of Generation X, who came of age throughout this period. Generation X Generation X consists of individuals who finished high school between the periods 1989 and 1996 (Bozenda 2). However, laggards have also been identified beyond those years, but were already considered the minority of their graduating class. In its glory days, Generation X, through its music, boasted tremendous recognition. For Generation X-ers, MTV was their sanctuary, and has been pronounced, â€Å"the only TV channel that did not care just as much as them† (Bozenda 2). Grunge saturated in this stretch of time and, without a doubt, it fit the bill. There were different classes of Generation X-ers: the light X-ers were typically just into the music and could not be easily identified; the medium X-ers were way into the music, and do really look the part; the heavy X-ers took the way of life to its limits, and were concerned with nothing but the music; and the major X-ers who are identifiable even these days, as they tend to talk slowly, typically wear clothes that are older than they are or, clothes that they did not buy, and feel more comfortable in a gloomy room (Bozenda 2). I. Origins of Generation X Although the precise dates of birth defining Generation X are highly disputed, on the whole, this age demographic consists of people born in the 1960s and 1970s. As an expression, without existing meaning, the term was made the title of a 1964 pulp novel, and was chosen as the name of young Billy Idol’s punk rock band (â€Å"Generation X†). Moreover, Douglas Coupland took it from a sociological text of Paul Fussell, which he later popularized in his book Generation X: Tales For An Accelerated Culture (â€Å"Generation X†). It was only after the publication of Coupland’s book that the media started to prevalently exploit the term as a name for the generation, by introducing Generation X as a group of undereducated, alienated, flannel-wearing lazybones with body piercing who had worked at McJobs and drank Starbucks coffee. Generation X has a great deal to be confused about: Prozac-happy therapy, the lingering presence of AIDS where love can turn into death; drive-by shootings, declining prospects, few good jobs, unparalleled levels of teen suicide and violence; and absentee parents striving to succeed in the two-income economy, Beavis and Butthead mean-spiritedness sufficing as social interpretation, and an increasing prejudice in particular sectors toward the homeless and poor (Hill). Generation X has undergone most of the 14 years of Reagan-Bush-Clinton economics, particularly the governmental policies of free trade (Hill). As a result, Kurt Cobain slammed, thumped and wailed his guitar against the converging walls of the putrefying society around him, and the existing generation followed into his direction feeling that they as well are experiencing the societal strap to be getting tighter. Unfortunately, in due course Cobain could not break out; therefore, taking the easy way out or perhaps the difficult one, by taking his own life. Generation X-ers Music As categorized through music: light X includes Pearl Jam, Nirvana, and other foremost radio bands; mid-X includes all of the above, and bands like Kyuss, Monster Magnet, as well as other bands that started small but eventually â€Å"got big;† heavy X also includes all of the above, Soul Coughing, Fu Manchu, as well as other bands that remained small but got major underground progress; and major X, which also includes all of the above, along with Desert Sessions, The Atomic Bitchwax, and bands that remained â€Å"indie† or stayed underground (Bozenda 2). Generation X music commenced in 1989, peaked in 1994, fell inconsistent in 1997, and eventually disappeared in 2000 (Bozenda 2). The year of 1996 proved to be the final year wherein grunge musicians were very much dynamic, seeing that many â€Å"lasts† had taken place during this year. The Screaming Trees and Soundgarden released their respective last studio albums entitled Dust and Down on the Upside; Alice in Chains gave their concluding shows with their estranged, ailing front-man Layne Staley; Pearl Jam released their last chart topping album entitled No Code; and Nirvana released their only album following the greatest hits album Nirvana in 2002, which is the live album entitled From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah. Over the few ensuing years, grunge’s usual attractiveness promptly died away. Several grunge bands have continued touring and recording but with more limited success, most notably, Pearl Jam. I. The Grunge Music The term â€Å"grunge† was coined in the late 1980’s by a British journalist to depict the style of music a group of bands played during the period in the Seattle area (Schmitz). During the period, the most recognized grunge band was a group called Green River, whose fame was confined within the Seattle area. Accordingly, once in a while, grunge music is referred to as the Seattle Sound in view of the fact that it was created as a subgenre of alternative rock played by bands from the state of Washington, mostly in the Seattle area, during the mid-1980s. Grunge is generally categorized through its sludgy guitar sound that makes use of a high level of feedback, fuzz and distortion effects. Grunge combines elements of heavy metal and hardcore punk, and is also normally characterized by heavy drumming, â€Å"dirty† guitar, and angst or apathetic-filled lyrics, although various bands performed with more credence on one or the other. Grunge music shares a similar lyrical concern and raw sound with punk genre. However, grunge involves more complex instrumentation, dissonant harmonies, and slower tempos, which is indicative of heavy metal. Some individuals linked with the growth of grunge, including the Melvins and Sub Pop producer Jack Endino, described grunge’s fusion of heavy rock authorities such as Kiss as â€Å"musical provocation† (Grunge 1). Grunge artists regarded heavy rock bands as â€Å"cheesy† but even so took pleasure in listening them. Buzz Osborne of the Melvins illustrated it as an endeavor to see what extreme things bands could carry out and yet pull off. In the early 1990s, Nirvana’s signature â€Å"stop-start† song arrangement became a genre standard of the time. II. Grunge Music Scene Notwithstanding the fact of being looked down upon by most critics, glam metal bands, such as Warrant, Poison, and Motley Crue had been taking over the charts, particularly in the United States, during the 1980s. Glam metal bands was famous for their macho, gaudy clothing style, obsequious riffs, misogynist lyrics, and an apparent lack of social responsiveness, all done for the mere purpose of entertaining and staying ahead of the race of drawing mainstream audiences. These characteristics were well-liked throughout the 1980s, but they began to have the differing effect on audiences towards the last part of the decade. Most music critics and grunge fans believe that grunge progressed as a well-liked genre and as a result accepted by mainstream audiences as a response to the dwindling attractiveness of glam metal. Accordingly, the popularity of grunge music abruptly contrasted to glam metal. When the public realized the viable alternative to heavy metal music, the attractiveness of glam metal began to disappear as the recognition of grunge began to soar. Inspired by indie rock, heavy metal and hardcore punk, the early grunge movement came together around Sub Pop, which is a Seattle independent record label. Grunge bands were renowned for their indie approaches and their negative response to mainstream and theatricals success. Grunge became commercially flourishing in the first half of the 1990s, largely as a result of the release of Pearl Jam’s Ten album and Nirvana’s Nevermind album. The accomplishment of these bands heightened the recognition of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular genre of hard rock music of the decade. However, a number of grunge bands were not comfortable with this popularity, as the genre became intimately linked with Generation X in the United States, given that the understanding of each rose at the same time. Although by the late 1990s the majority of grunge bands had faded or disbanded from public view, their previous impact persists to influence the most modern rock music today.

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