Battle of Omdurman in the Mahdist War

The Battle of Omdurman took place in present-day Sudan during the Mahdist War (1881-1899). Battle of Omdurman - Date The British triumphed on September 2, 1898. Armies Commanders British: Major General Horatio Kitchener8,200 British, 17,600 Egyptian Sudanese Mahdists: Abdullah al-Taashiapprox. 52,000 men Battle of Omdurman - Background Following the capture of Khartoum by the Mahdists and the death Major General Charles Gordon on January 26, 1885, British leaders began contemplating how to retake power in Sudan. Over the next several years, the urgency of this operation waxed and waned as William Gladstones Liberal Party exchanged power with Lord Salisburys Conservatives. In 1895, the British consul-general of Egypt, Sir Evelyn Baring, Earl of Cromer, finally convinced Salisburys government to take action citing the desire to create a Cape-to-Cairo chain of colonies and the need to prevent foreign powers from entering the area. Concerned about the nations finances and international opinion, Salisbury gave permission for Cromer to began planning the reconquest of Sudan, but stipulated that he was to use only Egyptian forces and that all actions were to appear to take place under Egyptian authority. To lead Egypts army, Cromer selected Colonel Horatio Kitchener of the Royal Engineers. An efficient planner, Kitchener was promoted to major general (in Egyptian service) and appointed sirdar (commander-in-chief). Taking command of Egypts forces, Kitchener began a rigorous training program and equipped his men with modern weapons. Battle of Omdurman - Planning By 1896, the sirdars army numbered around 18,000 well-trained men. Advancing up the Nile in March 1896, Kitcheners forces moved slowly, consolidating their gains as they went. By September, they had occupied Dongala, just above the third cataract of the Nile, and had met little resistance from the Mahdists. With his supply lines badly stretched, Kitchener turned to Cromer for additional funding. Playing on the governments fears of French intrigue in East Africa, Cromer was able to secure more money from London. With this in hand, Kitchener began building the Sudan Military Railroad from his base at Wadi Halfa to a terminus at Abu Hamed, 200 miles to the southeast. As the construction crews pressed through the desert, Kitchener dispatched troops under Sir Archibald Hunter to clear Abu Hamed of Mahdist forces. This was accomplished with minimal casualties on August 7, 1897. With the completion of the railroad on in late October, Salisbury decided to expand the governments commitment to the operation and began sending the first of 8,200 British troops to Kitchener. These were joined by several gunboats. Battle of Omdurman - Kitcheners Victory Concerned about the Kitcheners advance, the leader of the Mahdist army, Abdullah al-Taashi sent 14,000 men to attack the British near Atara. On April 7, 1898, they were badly defeated and suffered 3,000 dead. As Kitchener prepared for the push to Khartoum, Abdullah raised a force of 52,000 to block the Anglo-Egyptian advance. Armed with a mix of spears and antique firearms they mustered near the Mahdist capital of Omdurman. On September 1, British gunboats appeared in the river off Omdurman and shelled the city. This was followed by the arrival of Kitcheners army in the nearby village of Egeiga. Forming a perimeter around the village, with the  river at their back, Kitcheners men waited for the arrival of the Mahdist army. Around dawn on September 2, Abdullah attacked the Anglo-Egyptian position with 15,000 men while a second Mahdist force continued moving north. Equipped with the latest European rifles, Maxim machine guns, and artillery, Kitcheners men mowed down the attacking Mahdist dervishes (infantry). With the attack defeated, the 21st Lancers were ordered to reconnoiter in force towards Omdurman. Moving out, they met a group of 700 Hadenoa tribesman. Switching to the attack, they were soon confronted by 2,500 dervishes which had been hiding in a dry streambed. Charging through the enemy, they fought a bitter battle before rejoining the main army. Around 9:15, believing the battle won, Kitchener ordered his men to begin advancing on Omdurman. This movement exposed his right flank to a Mahdist force that was lurking to west. Shortly after beginning their march, three Sudanese and one Egyptian battalion came under fire from this force. Compounding the situation was the arrival of 20,000 men under Osman Shiekh El Din which had moved north earlier in the battle. Shiekh El Dins men soon began attacking the Sudanese brigade of Colonel Hector MacDonald. While the threatened units made a stand and poured disciplined fire into the approaching enemy, Kitchener began wheeling the rest of the army around to join the fight. As at Egeiga, modern weaponry triumphed and the dervishes were shot down in alarming numbers. By 11:30, Abdullah gave up the battle as lost and fled the field. With the Mahdist army destroyed, the march to Omdurman and Khartoum was resumed. Battle of Omdurman - Aftermath The Battle of Omdurman cost the Mahdists a stunning 9,700 killed, 13,000 wounded, and 5,000 captured. Kitcheners losses were a mere 47 dead and 340 wounded. The victory at Omdurman concluded the campaign to retake Sudan and Khartoum was quickly reoccupied. Despite the victory, several officers were critical of Kitcheners handling of the battle and cited MacDonalds stand for saving the day. Arriving at Khartoum, Kitchener was ordered to proceed south to Fashoda to block French incursions in the area.

The Civil War Had Revolutionary Effects On American Society

The Civil War had revolutionary effects on American society, the most important of which was the destruction of slavery, the fundamental institution of southern society. The emancipation of America’s 4 million slaves, in numbers, scale, and economic value, was far greater than any other emancipation of slaves or serfs (in Russia) in the world. At the war’s beginning, Lincoln identified the North’s cause with the cause of free labor. But Lincoln also initially stated that the conflict was not being fought to end or limit slavery, but to preserve the Union. He wanted to keep the border slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri in the Union and build the broadest possible base of support for the war in the North. As Confederates used slave labor for military purposes and blacks began to escape to Union lines, this initial policy of ignoring slavery became untenable. By the end of 1861, Union commanders had begun treating escaped slaves as â€Å"contraband† of war—property of military value subject to confiscation. Southern blacks themselves took actions that propelled the Union toward ending slavery. Well before Lincoln’s Emancipation Act, slaves saw the war as an opportunity to gain their freedom. Thousands escaped to the safety of Union lines, crippling many plantations. In areas occupied by northern soldiers, slaves refused to work unless paid. Antislavery northerners pressed the federal government to realize that slavery was the basis of the southern economy andShow MoreRelatedThe Early History Of America892 Words   |  4 Pages American History to 1877 Last Name First Name Date â€Æ' The early history of America begins with the journey of Christopher Columbus in 1492, when he first discovered the lands of America along with the residing few Native people. 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Marketing and Society for Maurice McDonald-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing and Society for Maurice McDonald. Answer: MacDonalds food company was started in 1940. By its start, the restaurant was being operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald. It is in San Bernardino, California in the United States. Later in 1955, a Ray Kroc, a businessman joined the company. He went ahead and purchased the restaurant from the two brothers. The restaurant's original headquarters were in Oak Brook, Illinois though plans have been approved to move the headquarters to Chicago by 2018. To serve a large number of customers quickly, Macdonald's decision to make a significant change in concern to its burgers. The food chain concluded that, by the middle of 2018, it would start to use fresh beef to make quarter pounder burgers in most of its restaurants instead of the frozen meat they have been using(Hanbury, 2017). There is a massive potential in the food market that has remained to be untapped for an extended period regarding family restaurants, quick service restaurants and breakfast eateries. Therefore MacDonald's need to reposition themselves to tape this vast potential in the market(Sharanbir, 2012). The fast-food company needs to evaluate the marketing mix rightfully. This will reposition them in a higher rank in the competitive market since many people prefer fast foods as they are cheap and easy to prepare. Companies that have built a sustainable brand in todays market are more competitive. This is because, in the current world, there is a more significant shift taking place making financial and ethical stakes to move higher than never(Dubbins, 2017). Therefore, companies that have positioned efficiently their brand speak to consumers in the local market who are willing to spend extra money on the brands that make a positive difference in the world. Secondly building a sustainable brand help a company to place itself in a better position to be able to have a way into the emerging markets across the world which are recently leading the route to sustainability despite the threats from climate change and water scarcity. This is because a more significant percentage of customers always consider the impact of a company on the environment before they decide to buy goods and services from it. In most of the times, companies that practice good sustainable habit always lead the way in the market . Thirdly, developing a sustainable brand, helps a company to increase productivity while reducing costs. This is because, once a company grows a sustainable brand, its operations become efficient thereby helping it to conserve resources as well as enhance employee productivity. Reduction of costs can also be achieved through practising conservation strategies such as just turning off lights when not needed. Airline surcharges are charges that have been added to the cost of airline tickets. They are temporary or permanent measures meant to defray the increased cost of commodities such as fuel. Some surcharges are not included in the price listed for a certain ticket(Cheema, 2008). This requires consumers to pay attention to the final bill to avoid paying more than what they expected to pay. No one likes surprises when it comes to bills. Therefore consumers fell that it is good for the airline companies to make it clear to them of what they expect to pay before signing up for a service. Surcharging has become a common issue with airline companies with many of them hitting consumers with surprise charges moments before purchasing their services. This has made many consumers find it difficult to travel using airlines particularly in cases where a consumer had a fixed budget. Consumers feel that for us to build a fair society, there is need to ensure transparency. This ensures that buyers ar e informed of the prices of commodities before they decide on buying them. This will help buyers to use their hard earned money correctly. Consumers argue that they should be entitled to a refund for any surcharge they pay to airline companies. References Cheema, A. (2008). Surcharges and Seller Reputation. Journal of Consumer Research, 167- 177. Dubbins, J. (2017, February 20). Why Sustainable Brands Now Have a Competitive Advantage. Retrieved from The Drum Network: www.thedrum.com/opinion/2017/02/20/why-sustainable-brands-now-have-competitive-advantage Hanbury, M. (2017, March 30). Strategy. Retrieved from Business Insider: opera.pulselive.co.ke/bi/strategy/strategy-macdonalds-is-making-a-huge-change-to-its-burgers-that-franchise-aren't-going-to be-happy-about-McD-id6452961.html Sharanbir, S. K. (2012). Strategy and Repositioning the Brand McDonald's in India. International Journal of Scientific Research Publications, volume 2., 2250- 3153.

Research Proposal on Mathematical Modeling Essay Example

Research Proposal on Mathematical Modeling Essay Mathematical modeling is the process of creation of mathematical models in practice. A mathematical model is a system of math relationships, which describe the process under research or the event. One applies Mathematical modeling in such science as economics, sociology, ecology, physics, mechanics, chemistry, information technologies, biology, etc. So, it is natural that every science which uses the definite numbers and statistical methods of the research has to rely on the mathematical models who help them organize the results of the analysis wisely and logically. To receive the mathematical model one applies the laws of ecology, special rules of exact sciences, the results of active and passive experiments, the imitative modeling with the help of the computing machines. The models help experts with the predictions about the development of the process, calculate the function, control the process, project systems with the required characteristics. To create a mathematical model one can rely on any precise tool, such as probability theory, mathematical logic, abstract algebra, set theory, etc. Mathematical modeling is the most popular method of research in cybernetics. The process of modeling is vital in many sciences because it helps experts organize the operation of the study in the right way and make adequate predictions of the results achieved during this process. There are complicated mathematical models applied in cybernetics and programming. They are characterized by the fact that one complex model consists of several smaller ones which combine their functions and data for the single more complicated aim. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mathematical Modeling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mathematical Modeling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Mathematical Modeling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mathematical modeling is a complicated process which provides experts which the detailed and logical models of various methods and events connected with different sciences. The student, who has decided to pay attention to the topic on mathematical modeling and prepare a project on it, should think about the selection of the most thought-provoking aspects and points of the issue to make the proposal informative and exciting for the professor. The young person has the chance to reveal the problem from all sides and demonstrate the list of the methods for the investigation and share the predictions concerning the research on mathematical modeling and its relevance in modern sciences. The young person who is not sure whether the written assignment is prepared correctly can improve her knowledge about the style and format of writing with the help of the free example research proposal on mathematical modeling designed by the qualified and well-educated writer. It is quite reasonable to read a free sample research proposal on mathematical modeling online and learn about the right structure of the text, the research approach and the secrets of the persuasive manner of writing. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Mathematical Modeling topics. Your proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy professional research proposal writing service!